Name
Making water reuse work: managing brines and concentrates in wastewater reuse schemes
Authors
S. Schrijer, Y.R.C. Severin and H.W.H. Menkveld, Nijhuis Saur Industries, Netherlands
M. Dings and N. Pernot, Industriewater Eerbeek, Netherlands
S. Grasman, REDstack BV, Netherlands, C. Meerman, NX Filtration, Netherlands
T. van Harten, F. Oesterholt, K. Roest and D. Harmsen, WR Water Research Institute, Netherlands,
T. Rijnaarts K., Babant Water, Netherlands
Description

Increasing water reuse from municipal wastewater effluent is essential to improve water security; however, the management of concentrates and brines remains a critical barrier to large-scale deployment. This paper presents operational outcomes from an industrial water reuse pilot that places brine management and valorisation at the centre of system design, demonstrating how reuse can be delivered without transferring environmental burden downstream. Final effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment works was upgraded for industrial reuse using hollow-fibre nanofiltration, granular activated carbon and electrodialysis reversal (EDR). While high-quality reuse water was achieved, the study focused explicitly on managing the resulting concentrate streams. Two dedicated brine loops were developed: nanofiltration concentrate treated via coagulation, flocculation and solid–liquid separation to control organic and sulphate accumulation, and EDR concentrate treated through ion exchange and reverse osmosis to reduce scaling potential and enable further concentration. Advanced brine valorisation options were evaluated, including mechanical vapour recompression and bipolar membrane electrodialysis, enabling recovery of acids, bases and highly concentrated salt streams. Energy consumption, recovery efficiencies and operational trade-offs were assessed to identify scalable, low-risk pathways for full-scale implementation. The results demonstrate that effective brine management is not a secondary consideration but a prerequisite for sustainable water reuse, enabling high recovery rates, reduced discharge volumes and minimised freshwater abstraction. The presentation will share practical design lessons for utilities and industries seeking resilient, circular reuse schemes that address both water scarcity and residuals management.

Track
Technology Showcase - Water Re-Use and Water Fit for Purpose